Vedanta Deshika(13th c.) was a writer and commentator in the Vishishthadvaita Vedanta philosophical school.
Vedanta Deshika was a follower of Ramanuja and interpreted Ramanuja as teaching that there were two sorts of liberation:
- a lower one in which one was subject to no outside forces,
- and a higher one in which one’s entire being was focused on the Lord, whom Ramanuja identified as the god Vishnu.
The human being is considered both identical to and
different from the Lord, which means the perfect identity is never possible;
God’s transcendence leads to the exaltation of devotion (bhakti) and the stress
on submission to God’s grace.
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