("consciousness
and action in tandem") Members of the bhedabhada
("identity-in-difference") philosophical school encouraged religious
discipline to eliminate the soul's bondage and rebirth (samsara).
Correct consciousness (jnana) and ritual activity (karma)
were both crucial factors in achieving eventual soul liberation, according to
this school.
The first phase was to lessen one's bad karmic dispositions,
such as greed, wrath, and ignorance, by doing meritorious ritual deeds like as
fasting (upavasa), devotion, and pilgrimage.
Meditation was used to totally eradicate these weaker
dispositions.
Other philosophical schools, notably the Advaita Vedanta
school, criticized the assumptions that underpin this path, claiming that
ultimate liberation comes only through awareness.
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