The Ajivika school is credited with a philosophical standpoint.
All things were predetermined by an impersonal destiny (niyati), according to the Ajivikas, and hence one's conscious acts had no bearing on one's future.
Despite the fact that this viewpoint seems to exclude any basis for religious practice, the Ajivikas were known for practicing extreme asceticism, believing that they were merely doing what had been ordained for them.
See Arthur Llewellyn Basham's 1981 book, History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas, for further information.
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