(“example”) The instances that are one of the needed factors in the recognized form of an inference in Indian philosophy (anumana).
These instances were supplied as further evidence to support the hypothesis's rationale (hetu).
There have to be two such cases as a rule.
The first was a positive example (sapaksha) to demonstrate that similar events occurred in similar circumstances, and the second was a negative example (vipaksha) to demonstrate that this did not occur in other instances.
The sapaksha might be "like kitchen" (a location with both fire and smoke) and the vipaksha could be "unlike lake" in the most common example of an inference, "There is fire on the mountain because there is smoke on the mountain" (a place without fire or smoke).
The goal of both cases is to support the stated reason by demonstrating that it provides adequate evidence to support the hypothesis.
You may also want to read more about Hinduism here.
Be sure to check out my writings on religion here.